ABSTRACT
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is characterized by a high incidence of damage not only to the bronchopulmonary system, but also to the gastrointestinal tract. The problem of patients with bowel diseases was reviewed in this research the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of vaccination this group of patients was reflected and approaches to it were described. The analysis of biomedical literature data on the problem of vaccination of patients with intestinal diseases against COVID-19 was carried out.Copyright © 2022 Sorbtsionnye i Khromatograficheskie Protsessy. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The post-COVID-19 recovery period is characterized by persistence of some symptoms, with immunological alterations being of great importance. Development of preventive measures to normalize mucosal immunity after a coronavirus infection determines the relevance of the current study. The aim was to study dynamics of clinical symptoms and level of secretory immunoglobulin A in individuals after a novel coronavirus infection as well as evaluate effectiveness of using IFN alpha-2b. Materials and methods. A study was conducted with patients aged 18 to 60 years old (n = 130), surveyed 1 to 9 months after post-infection, as well as in apparently healthy individuals lacking COVID-19 (n = 15). Previous novel coronavirus infection and post-COVID manifestations were verified based on medical documentation, complaints, anamnesis data, physical examination and questionnaires. The concentration of salivatory and nasopharyngeal mucosal sIgA was measured dynamically prior to and after administration of local therapy with IFN alpha-2b (gel applied intranasally twice a day for 30 days). Results. The acute period of COVID-19 was characterized by fever, anosmia, severe asthenia (fatigue and weakness), muscle and joint pain. Among the post-COVID manifestations at early period (1-3 months), pain in the joints and muscles (75.0%) as well as elevated body temperature (21.2%) were reliably detected, whereas in the long period (6-9 months) there were revealed dominance with the same frequency of shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain (75.8%, respectively). Based on examination data in healthy subjects, there was determined an arbitrary normal range of secretory IgA in saliva - 6.45 +/- 1.81 mg/ml and nasal swabs - 13.43 +/- 3.24 mg/ml. In the group of patients 1-3 months post-infection, therapy with IFN alpha-2b one month later resulted in significantly increased level of secretory IgA in saliva (from 1.84 +/- 0.28 to 5.78 +/- 1.96 mg/ml) and in nasal swabs (from 28.61 +/- 3.0 to 39.83 +/- 3.85 mg/ml) by more than 3-and 1.5-fold, respectively. In the group of patients without therapy was featured with stably sustained decline in sIgA level up to 9 months after COVID-19. In particular, the level of saliva sIgA ranged from 2.36 +/- 0.56 down to 2.16 +/- 0.66 mg/ml, and in nasal smears - from 15.66 +/- 1.32 to 10.23 +/- 1.07 mg/ml that differed insignificantly compared to baseline level. The rate of respiratory diseases prevailed in this group (27.6% of cases), which fully lacked in the group of topically administered IFN alpha-2b. Conclusion. In the post-COVID period, multiple organ disorders persist and reduced sIgA level is registered. Intranasally applied IFN alpha-2b made possible to normalize sIgA level and prevent accumulation of respiratory infectious pathologies.
ABSTRACT
The post-COVID-19 recovery period is characterized by persistence of some symptoms, with immunological alterations being of great importance. Development of preventive measures to normalize mucosal immunity after a coronavirus infection determines the relevance of the current study. The aim was to study dynamics of clinical symptoms and level of secretory immunoglobulin A in individuals after a novel coronavirus infection as well as evaluate effectiveness of using IFNalpha-2b. Materials and methods. A study was conducted with patients aged 18 to 60 years old (n = 130), surveyed 1 to 9 months after post-infection, as well as in apparently healthy individuals lacking COVID-19 (n = 15). Previous novel coronavirus infection and post-COVID manifestations were verified based on medical documentation, complaints, anamnesis data, physical examination and questionnaires. The concentration of salivatory and nasopharyngeal mucosal sIgA was measured dynamically prior to and after administration of local therapy with IFNalpha-2b (gel applied intranasally twice a day for 30 days). Results. The acute period of COVID-19 was characterized by fever, anosmia, severe asthenia (fatigue and weakness), muscle and joint pain. Among the post-COVID manifestations at early period (1-3 months), pain in the joints and muscles (75.0%) as well as elevated body temperature (21.2%) were reliably detected, whereas in the long period (6-9 months) there were revealed dominance with the same frequency of shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain (75.8%, respectively). Based on examination data in healthy subjects, there was determined an arbitrary normal range of secretory IgA in saliva - 6.45+/-1.81 mg/ml and nasal swabs - 13.43+/-3.24 mg/ml. In the group of patients 1-3 months post-infection, therapy with IFNalpha-2b one month later resulted in significantly increased level of secretory IgA in saliva (from 1.84+/-0.28 to 5.78+/-1.96 mg/ml) and in nasal swabs (from 28.61+/-3.0 to 39.83+/-3.85 mg/ml) by more than 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively. In the group of patients without therapy was featured with stably sustained decline in sIgA level up to 9 months after COVID-19. In particular, the level of saliva sIgA ranged from 2.36+/-0.56 down to 2.16+/-0.66 mg/ml, and in nasal smears - from 15.66+/-1.32 to 10.23+/-1.07 mg/ml that differed insignificantly compared to baseline level. The rate of respiratory diseases prevailed in this group (27.6% of cases), which fully lacked in the group of topically administered IFNalpha-2b. Conclusion. In the post-COVID period, multiple organ disorders persist and reduced sIgA level is registered. Intranasally applied IFNalpha-2b made possible to normalize sIgA level and prevent accumulation of respiratory infectious pathologies.Copyright © 2022 Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Secretory immunoglobulin A, as a marker of the immune response in the mucous membrane, is an available indicator for detecting changes in the local immunity of mucous patients who have undergone COVID-19. Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of changes in the level of sIgA in saliva samples and the effectiveness of the use of interferon alpha-2b in individuals after a coronavirus infection. Patients and methods. Patients aged 18 to 60 years after COVID-19 infection (group 1 on therapy, n = 65;group 2 without therapy, n = 65) and conditionally healthy individuals (control group, n = 15) were monitored. The material is saliva samples, where the sIgA level was determined initially and after a month. The drug - interferon alpha-2b, in the form of a gel for topical use (Viferon, dosage 36,000 IU/g) was administered intranasally 2 times a day, for 1 month. Results. In all groups of patients who underwent COVID-19, the level of saliva sIgA was lower compared to the conditional norm of healthy individuals (6,45 +/- 1,81 mg/ml). A month after the administration of interferon alpha-2b the best effect was observed in patients in the time interval of 1-3 months from the infection, where sIgA was noted a statistically significant increase from 1,84 +/- 0,28 to 5,78 +/- 1,96 mg/ml. In the groups of patients with later terms, a moderate increase in sIgA was determined (3-6 months: 2,83 +/- 0,71 to 3,33 +/- 1,78 mg/ml;6-9 months: 3,53 +/- 0,45 to 4,76 +/- 2,3 mg/ml) and the absence of infectious diseases during rehabilitation period. In the group without therapy, in all temporal aspects, a persistent decrease in sIgA indicators below normal values was revealed, and the frequency of incidence of respiratory viral infections was noted in 9,2% of cases. Conclusions. During the rehabilitation period, the greatest changes in sIgA in saliva were observed in patients in the first 3 months after the COVID infection. The administration of interferon alpha-2b to patients in the post-COVID period is accompanied by the normalization of sIgA and prevents the development of respiratory infections. In similar groups, after COVID-19 without therapy, the indicator tends to decrease, and this category of people is at a higher risk of developing other infectious pathologies.Copyright © 2022, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The post-COVID-19 recovery period is characterized by persistence of some symptoms, with immunological alterations being of great importance. Development of preventive measures to normalize mucosal immunity after a coronavirus infection determines the relevance of the current study. The aim was to study dynamics of clinical symptoms and level of secretory immunoglobulin A in individuals after a novel coronavirus infection as well as evaluate effectiveness of using IFNα-2b. Materials and methods. A study was conducted with patients aged 18 to 60 years old (n = 130), surveyed 1 to 9 months after post-infection, as well as in apparently healthy individuals lacking COVID-19 (n = 15). Previous novel coronavirus infection and post-COVID manifestations were verified based on medical documentation, complaints, anamnesis data, physical examination and questionnaires. The concentration of salivatory and nasopharyngeal mucosal sIgA was measured dynamically prior to and after administration of local therapy with IFNα-2b (gel applied intranasally twice a day for 30 days). Results. The acute period of COVID-19 was characterized by fever, anosmia, severe asthenia (fatigue and weakness), muscle and joint pain. Among the post-COVID manifestations at early period (1–3 months), pain in the joints and muscles (75.0%) as well as elevated body temperature (21.2%) were reliably detected, whereas in the long period (6–9 months) there were revealed dominance with the same frequency of shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain (75.8%, respectively). Based on examination data in healthy subjects, there was determined an arbitrary normal range of secretory IgA in saliva — 6.45±1.81 mg/ml and nasal swabs — 13.43±3.24 mg/ml. In the group of patients 1–3 months post-infection, therapy with IFNα-2b one month later resulted in significantly increased level of secretory IgA in saliva (from 1.84±0.28 to 5.78±1.96 mg/ml) and in nasal swabs (from 28.61±3.0 to 39.83±3.85 mg/ml) by more than 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively. In the group of patients without therapy was featured with stably sustained decline in sIgA level up to 9 months after COVID-19. In particular, the level of saliva sIgA ranged from 2.36±0.56 down to 2.16±0.66 mg/ml, and in nasal smears — from 15.66±1.32 to 10.23±1.07 mg/ml that differed insignificantly compared to baseline level. The rate of respiratory diseases prevailed in this group (27.6% of cases), which fully lacked in the group of topically administered IFNα-2b. Conclusion. In the post-COVID period, multiple organ disorders persist and reduced sIgA level is registered. Intranasally applied IFNα-2b made possible to normalize sIgA level and prevent accumulation of respiratory infectious pathologies.
ABSTRACT
The post-COVID-19 recovery period is characterized by persistence of some symptoms, with immunological alterations being of great importance. Development of preventive measures to normalize mucosal immunity after a coronavirus infection determines the relevance of the current study. The aim was to study dynamics of clinical symptoms and level of secretory immunoglobulin A in individuals after a novel coronavirus infection as well as evaluate effectiveness of using IFNalpha-2b. Materials and methods. A study was conducted with patients aged 18 to 60 years old (n = 130), surveyed 1 to 9 months after post-infection, as well as in apparently healthy individuals lacking COVID-19 (n = 15). Previous novel coronavirus infection and post-COVID manifestations were verified based on medical documentation, complaints, anamnesis data, physical examination and questionnaires. The concentration of salivatory and nasopharyngeal mucosal sIgA was measured dynamically prior to and after administration of local therapy with IFNalpha-2b (gel applied intranasally twice a day for 30 days). Results. The acute period of COVID-19 was characterized by fever, anosmia, severe asthenia (fatigue and weakness), muscle and joint pain. Among the post-COVID manifestations at early period (1-3 months), pain in the joints and muscles (75.0%) as well as elevated body temperature (21.2%) were reliably detected, whereas in the long period (6-9 months) there were revealed dominance with the same frequency of shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain (75.8%, respectively). Based on examination data in healthy subjects, there was determined an arbitrary normal range of secretory IgA in saliva - 6.45+/-1.81 mg/ml and nasal swabs - 13.43+/-3.24 mg/ml. In the group of patients 1-3 months post-infection, therapy with IFNalpha-2b one month later resulted in significantly increased level of secretory IgA in saliva (from 1.84+/-0.28 to 5.78+/-1.96 mg/ml) and in nasal swabs (from 28.61+/-3.0 to 39.83+/-3.85 mg/ml) by more than 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively. In the group of patients without therapy was featured with stably sustained decline in sIgA level up to 9 months after COVID-19. In particular, the level of saliva sIgA ranged from 2.36+/-0.56 down to 2.16+/-0.66 mg/ml, and in nasal smears - from 15.66+/-1.32 to 10.23+/-1.07 mg/ml that differed insignificantly compared to baseline level. The rate of respiratory diseases prevailed in this group (27.6% of cases), which fully lacked in the group of topically administered IFNalpha-2b. Conclusion. In the post-COVID period, multiple organ disorders persist and reduced sIgA level is registered. Intranasally applied IFNalpha-2b made possible to normalize sIgA level and prevent accumulation of respiratory infectious pathologies. Copyright © 2022 Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Secretory immunoglobulin A, as a marker of the immune response in the mucous membrane, is an available indicator for detecting changes in the local immunity of mucous patients who have undergone COVID-19. Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of changes in the level of sIgA in saliva samples and the effectiveness of the use of interferon alpha-2b in individuals after a coronavirus infection. Patients and methods. Patients aged 18 to 60 years after COVID-19 infection (group 1 on therapy, n = 65;group 2 without therapy, n = 65) and conditionally healthy individuals (control group, n = 15) were monitored. The material is saliva samples, where the sIgA level was determined initially and after a month. The drug - interferon alpha-2b, in the form of a gel for topical use (Viferon, dosage 36,000 IU/g) was administered intranasally 2 times a day, for 1 month. Results. In all groups of patients who underwent COVID-19, the level of saliva sIgA was lower compared to the conditional norm of healthy individuals (6,45 +/- 1,81 mg/ml). A month after the administration of interferon alpha-2b the best effect was observed in patients in the time interval of 1-3 months from the infection, where sIgA was noted a statistically significant increase from 1,84 +/- 0,28 to 5,78 +/- 1,96 mg/ml. In the groups of patients with later terms, a moderate increase in sIgA was determined (3-6 months: 2,83 +/- 0,71 to 3,33 +/- 1,78 mg/ml;6-9 months: 3,53 +/- 0,45 to 4,76 +/- 2,3 mg/ml) and the absence of infectious diseases during rehabilitation period. In the group without therapy, in all temporal aspects, a persistent decrease in sIgA indicators below normal values was revealed, and the frequency of incidence of respiratory viral infections was noted in 9,2% of cases. Conclusions. During the rehabilitation period, the greatest changes in sIgA in saliva were observed in patients in the first 3 months after the COVID infection. The administration of interferon alpha-2b to patients in the post-COVID period is accompanied by the normalization of sIgA and prevents the development of respiratory infections. In similar groups, after COVID-19 without therapy, the indicator tends to decrease, and this category of people is at a higher risk of developing other infectious pathologies. Copyright © 2022, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is characterized by a high incidence of damage not only to the bronchopulmonary system, but also to the gastrointestinal tract. The problem of patients with bowel diseases was reviewed in this research the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of vaccination this group of patients was reflected and approaches to it were described. The analysis of biomedical literature data on the problem of vaccination of patients with intestinal diseases against COVID-19 was carried out. © 2022 Sorbtsionnye i Khromatograficheskie Protsessy. All rights reserved.